Anti-Trust Practices and Market Power Essay Sample free essay sample

Antimonopoly Policy comprises of Torahs and specialists activities intended to hinder syndication and advance rivalry. On June 23. 2011. the U. S. Government Trade Commission started an antimonopoly examination concerning Google. the world’s biggest chase motor. FTC’s test involved a wide examination concerning Google’s concern examples and conditions it was abusing its chase capacity to direct people to its ain belongingss over adversary locales and administrations. Following an around multi month prominent test. the government specialists reported on January 3. 2013. that its dropping a â€Å"exhaustive† examination concerning Google as it found no grounds the tech monster utilized uncalled for strategies to strange viing locales. IntroductionThe Antitrust Laws came into picture when simply after the U. S. Common War ( 1861-1865 ) . neighborhood markets enlarged into national markets as a result of improved travel establishments. automated creation strategies. furthermore, modern corporate developments. What's more, over the accompanying duo of decennaries. prevailing houses framed a few ventures. counting raw petroleum. meat pressing. We will compose a custom paper test on Against Trust Practices and Market Power Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page railwaies. sugar. lead. coal. whisky. what's more, baccy. These houses oftentimes utilized faulty strategies in merging their enterprises thus charged high financial qualities to customers and removed money related worth awards from asset suppliers. Customers likewise express their outrage to chose functionary to â€Å"do something about the situation† . Responding to that power per unit zone. specialists functionaries deduced in the late 1800s and mid 1900s that cornered enterprises needed a lot of the recipient advertise powers that in competitory ventures help to secure buyers. achieve just rivalry. what's more, accomplish allocative effectiveness. ( Macconnell. Brue. A ; Flynn. 2012 ) Four exceptional bits of government rule law. as refined and stretched out by grouped changes. speak to the essential law partner to restraining infrastructure development and conduct. * Sherman Act of 1980 * Clayton Act of 1914* Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914* Celler-Kefauver Act of 1950 Is search massive Google unreasonably predominant? One the ongoing significant examples. that the U. S. Government Trade Commission researched for antitrust was Google Inc. Google handles multiple tierces of all web chases in the U. S. also, has caught around 75 % of the moneymaking pursuit publicizing market. blending to eMarketer Inc. furthermore, other research houses. ( Efrati A ; Kendall. 2013 ) Google dynamically has posted connections in chase results that steer clients to its ain particular locales. for example, its anxiety postings. travel-search site or shopping-search site. Depreciators including business-audit site Yelp Inc. what's more, go destinations TripAdvisor Inc. what's more, Expedia Inc. claimed that Google was hoarding increasingly more Web traffic for itself in an order to catch progressively internet promoting dollars. Howl and others other than grumbled that Google took content from their locales so as to stay Google’s professional references pages and other specific destinations. On June 23. 2011. the U. S. Government Trade Commission started an antimonopoly examination concerning Google and after around 20 months of test. the government specialists declared on January 3. 2013. that its dropping a â€Å"exhaustive† examination concerning Google. The Federal Trade Commission said it found no grounds the tech monster utilized vile strategies to eccentric viing destinations. Google got away from the test without paying a good. in any case, it will willfully modify a portion of its examples to be progressively loosened to rivals. the FTC said. â€Å"The adjustments Google has consented to do will ensure that buyers keep on reaping the advantages of rivalry in the on-line commercial center and in the market for cutting edge radio gadgets they appreciate. † FTC Chairman Jon Leibowitz said. â€Å"This was an unrealistically intensive and cautious test by the council. what's more, the outcome is a solid and enforceable arrangement of understandings. â €  ( Percha. 2013 ) Outcome of imposing business model and oligopoly on Society Imposing business model and Oligopoly have predominantly been known to affect the customers and society in a negative way up until this point. In any case. one of the significant preferences of oligopoly is the way that just hardly any worries control the market for stocks or administrations to develop large total compensations because of diminished gross incomes costs. Choice Google telling the truth out of the FTC test demonstrates that antimonopoly Torahs exist non to ensure matches however to maintain rivalry and in this manner secure customers. List of sources/References Efrati. A. . A ; Kendall. B. ( 2013 ) . Google Dodges Antitrust Hit †FTC Extracts Limited Concessions. Clears Web Giant of ‘Search Bias’ After Probe. The Wall Street Journal. A. 1. Macconnell. C. R. . Brue. S. L. . A ; Flynn. S. M. ( 2012 ) . Economicss: Principles. Issues. Also, Politics. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Percha. J. ( 2013 ) . FTC Settles Antitrust Investigation of Google. New York: abc World News.

Trends That Influence Effective Learning Assignment

Patterns That Influence Effective Learning - Assignment Example Appropriate instructional plan ought to advance the exchange of data from the known to the obscure to empower students to connect up the current to the past, and have the option to get ready for what's to come. The productivity of each pattern of guidance ought to be assessed logically, or through perceptions to guarantee huge outcomes that may encourage simple progress of information and abilities. Advancing execution in training, one should think of different instructional plan models, for example, the ADDIE procedure. This paper will show how this model of guidance advances guidance. As indicated by Morrison et al (2010) ADDIE process was set up in the University of Florida, and was intended for military preparing servicemen, who required educational plan advancement forms. Its current variant was created, and reexamined in mid 1980’s. ADDIE process includes the five tracks established in this model. They incorporate; dissect, plan, create, execute, and assessment. These fi ve stages have an impact that will empower viable learning. Examine; this includes a teacher gathering data concerning the students, distinguishing the points, and the substance that ought to be secured. It is in this progression that the teachers give a format of the activities destinations that should be accomplished. This improves and offers significance to the substance since it makes figuring out how to be important and feasible. Destinations fill in as pointers of objective setting in training. At the point when an educator is building up an academic method of conveying data, one must guarantee that he thinks of targets that should be tended to. In cases, where these objectives are not met, at that point learning might not have occurred. Hence, for valuable learning and educating to be recognized appropriate apparatuses and materials ought to be applied to improve guidance. Structure; this is the second step that empowers instructional architects to build up their undertakings utilizing the data got from the investigation stage. It is now that the educator shows how he intends to guarantee that learning has been accomplished. The substance is separated in to fundamental units that can be effectively comprehended by students. The teachers utilize basic ideas as establishments to assemble complex thoughts. Likewise, the teacher shows exercises which will include students that will depict an accomplishment of objectives in instruction. Create; this is the place exercises that should be executed are recognized and produced for viable inclining. Materials that ought to be utilized in the structure are gathered and united. The teacher, at this level ensures that the models for the structure are accessible to improve the accomplishment of the objectives. Actualize; content is the topic that the teacher means to go to the students. This proposes content is a critical factor to be thought of, when structuring educating approaches. Along these lines, it is at this phase the substance is develop along with the devices and materials of discovering that are expected to encourage the change of information and abilities (Morrison et al 2010). Assess; as referenced above, objectives show the course map, and the establishment of powerful learning. They control the educators on the most proficient method to convey their substance to the students. Subsequently, evaluation of these objectives is important to test the accomplishment of the learning procedure. As per Morrison et al (2010), substance ought to be in concurrence with the objectives

Bodybuilding is unhealthy sport Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Working out is unfortunate game - Essay Example In any case, working out is an undesirable game, which has started analysis from different researchers. A portion of the significant concerns incorporate; Strikingly, weight training is anything but a straightforward stroll in the recreation center or a visit to the exercise center. It is a procedure of utilizing different added substances intended to extend muscles and guarantee different pieces of the body develop at advance rates. As indicated by explore, jocks require anabolic steroids to understand a remarkable muscle and weight. In as much as, individuals have contended against the utilization of medications, obviously they guarantee a higher measure of profits when contrasted with unadulterated exercise. In unique conditions, serious working out energizes the utilization of various medications. These added substances, in any case, are not edible but rather have long haul consequences for the buyers. For example, drugs like diuretics utilized during rivalry are more perilous than steroids. Regardless of the accessibility of extraordinary hereditary qualities, which bolster working out and emphatically react to it, over portion of muscle heads utilize drugs (Labrada 27). In this light, working out is a way of life pattern as opposed to a wellbeing concern expected to improve prosperity. In light of conviction, lifting weights ought to be a way of life where the individuals included consolidate a decent nourishment with preparing to acquire quality and muscles. Nonetheless, as opposed to conviction, weight lifters have an unfathomable consuming less calories framework planned for making a serious muscle framework. It is a chiseling procedure that removes a bigger number of things from the body than the physical admirations portrayed in the open space. During the time spent keeping a particular eating regimen, they get dried out the body; channel the constrained vitality subsequently influencing usefulness of various organs. Also, weight lifters eat given kinds of food in inordinate amounts not useful for the body. For instance, numerous jocks have a propensity for eating twofold or triple what

A merger between Kennecott and Carborundum Essay

In 1968, Kennecott Copper Corporation settled on a hurried choice when it bought Peabody Coal Company. In the years going before the securing, Kennecott had encountered wide swings in its productivity, which it was hoping to balance by expansion. Putting resources into another organization in an alternate industry was an insightful choice; be that as it may, Peabody was an inappropriate organization to do this with. Despite the fact that Peabody had been beneficial and stable in the course of recent years paving the way to the procurement, the inside pace of return identified with the venture was not sufficiently high to legitimize an acquisition of the organization. Peabody’s cost of obligation was .038. This was determined by accepting a 40% expense rate and .095 rate on obligation (Exhibit 3). There was a .095 financing cost on notes payable due June 30, 1998; thusly, we accepted the pace of obligation at the hour of procurement would have been comparative. Likewise, Peabody’s cost of value was .1397. This was determined by utilizing a hazard free pace of .055, which was the pace of the 90-day T-bill in 1968. A beta of 1 was accepted and a .082 market hazard premium was utilized. The last figure was controlled by taking the normal profits for the transient T-Bill rate from 1951-1975. This rate was utilized in light of the fact that we realize Peabody was a momentary speculation and the years 1951-1975 give a more exact impression of the market return than utilizing the figure from 1926-1987. Moreover, the heaviness of obligation and value were .35 and .65 separately. These figures were utilized on the grounds that we are informed that around 65% of Kennecott’s total assets was tied up in Peabody. These figures gave a weighted normal expense of capital of 9.70%. The IRR for this bought was determined by utilizing $621.5 million as the underlying speculation. This figure was resolved because of Kennecott giving Peabody $285 million in real money, accepting $36.5 million in liabilities, and taking on a saved installment of $300 million. Additionally, the figures used to decide IRR originated from the figures given under income from activity for the 8 years going before the Peabody procurement. This gave us an IRR of 6.8% (Exhibit 3), which is not exactly the WACC. At the point when the IRR of an undertaking is not exactly the WACC, the task ought not be acknowledged. Similarly, after Peabody was procured, it failed to meet expectations for quite a long while until Kennecott sold it. Due to its underperformance, Kennecott needed to sell Peabody for short of what it paid for it. Subsequent to being compelled to sell Peabody, Kennecott had a lot of money close by, which it didn't have the foggiest idea how to manage. Rather than giving the cash back to its speculators as profits or repurchasing portions of Kennecott stock that was exchanging beneath book estimation of the firm, Kennecott by and by decided to enhance by putting resources into another organization. This time Kennecott offered a proposal to Carborundum, an organization that created abrasives and earthenware production utilized in the high-innovation industry. Kennecott is right in its choice that it must accomplish something with its overabundance money. By sitting idle, it will be defenseless against a takeover; be that as it may, we don't accept enhancement is the most reasonable type of activity. Kennecott is just responding to low and unsteady copper costs, which have definitely harmed its primary concern. Besides, there are no conspicuous cooperative energies associated with this arrangement. During an obtaining, the organization being gained ought to give a more prominent incentive to the securing firm, than to some other firm. Since there are no cooperative energies and the way that the $66 delicate is over $31 more prominent than Carborundum’s book esteem, the procurement ought not be made. Thus, while finding the terminal worth, we took the complete capital for 1976 and partitioned it by the net benefit (Exhibit 1). We at that point took this figure, which was 10.68, and utilized it as our multiplier. We increased the anticipated overall gains for the following 10-years by 10.68 (Exhibit 2) to find the organizations terminal worth. At last we included the firm’s anticipated terminal incentive in 1977 to its net present worth, which we determined to be ($1.05 Million). This was accomplished by limiting the income every year by the IRR. So for year 1 the equation was (410)/1.054 giving (389). We limited through 1987 (Exhibit 4). The enormous beginning venture is the thing that hurt Kennecott. They paid a lot for an organization they thought minimal about. This gave us a firm estimation of $ 409.06 million out of 1977. At the hour of the delicate there were 8 million extraordinary offers. At $66 per share, Kennecott was paying $528 million for a firm with an estima tion of just $409.6 million. Clearly, it doesn't bode well to gain this firm. Like astute, Kennecott was overlooking its obligation to its investors. Making this obtaining would weaken investor esteem. This was generally obvious in the activities of one financial specialist who set aside the effort to document a suit against Kennecott. This financial specialist likewise accepted the delicate offer was excessively high. We feel Kennecott would best profit by a stock repurchase. At the hour of the Carborundum delicate offer, Kennecott’s stock was exchanging at $28 per share, which was $14.50 not as much as its book esteem. By not participating in a stock repurchase, it shows up as though Kennecott doesn't trust it can turn its own tasks around. In the event that it can't fix its own business, it ought not be growing. Kennecott must investigate itself and find where its issues lie. Until this is done, it should require aspirations of growing to be postponed.

Childhood Vaccinations - Free Essay Example

Introduction It is no secret that America has become a great melting pot of people. With such diversity comes the question, how do we keep our children healthy and safe from illness? Many question the safety and benefits, or lack thereof, of childhood vaccinations. Are they truly safe? Are they necessary? The answer is YES! The benefits far outweigh the risks of vaccinating todays youth. Childhood vaccinations should be mandatory to those able to receive them to keep our future generations healthy. Vaccines are among the greatest, and most effective ways to prevent infectious diseases. And while its natural to want to understand the potential risks of vaccinations, it is also crucial in understanding the benefits. A parent will never realize know how many times their child will in contact with a vaccine-preventable disease or how many times their child will make use of their vaccine-induced immunity. Vaccinations are considered one of the greatest public health successes of the last century (Immunization). The primary benefit of vaccinations is that it prevents disease. Incidence rates in the spread of vaccine-preventable diseases are at an all-time low. This low can be attributed directly to the invention of vaccines. While the diseases we vaccinate against have dropped, they have not been totally eradicated. This is why it must be mandatory that any able-bodied child should be vaccinated (Immunization). Vaccines can spare a childs life. In light of advances in medicinal science, children are now be able to be safeguarded against more diseases than any time in recent memory. A few infections that once harmed or murdered a large number of children, have been eradicated totally and others are near eradication, basically because of safe vaccines. Polio is one case of the incredible effect that vaccinations have had in the United States. While it was once one of the most dreaded illnesses, wreaking havoc across the country, there are no more instances of polio being reported in the US, all thanks to vaccines (Mandatory, 2015). Vaccines saves lives and protects our future generations from disease. They protect the people we care about. Vaccines not only promote our bodies power to prevent and heal, they also protect those whose bodies are not able to prevent and heal themselves. When a child is vaccinated, they prevent disease from being spread to others. Individuals, children and adults, with weakened immune systems depend on the healthy population to get vaccinated to help keep the spread of disease low (Immunization). Not only do vaccines save lives, they are also cost effective and can save families time and money. When a child becomes ill due to a preventable disease, it creates a costly impact on the family as a whole. It can mean absenteeism from school, costly doctor visits, being admitted into the hospital, and parents often having to miss work to take care of the sick child. Prevention should always be the first option in protecting children, because it is more cost effective than searching for a cure after the child has become ill. Most vaccines are covered by insurances and even low-income families now have affordable access to these life-saving vaccines (Mandatory, 2015). Simply put, vaccines are safe. Since vaccines are administered to millions of children and adults every year, they are extensively tested before ever being allowed to be given to the public. Before a vaccine can pass inspection by the FDA, it is tested in labs around the world. All of the data collected is then is then used to determine if a vaccine is suitable enough to administered on a large scale. Once a vaccine is approved, the FDA starts to administer it to controlled groups of individuals to see what kinds of adverse reactions may occur. By the time a vaccine is fully approved to be given to the public, it has already been tested on hundreds, if not thousands, of individuals. Even after full approval is given, the FDA continues to test and re-test to make sure the potency and efficacy of the vaccine stays consistent (Ellenberg, Chen). There are several large databases that help the FDA track and monitor vaccines once they are released to the public. The most advanced database is called VAERS or Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System. This system is managed by the FDA and the CDC to monitor vaccines for signs of adverse reactions, safety issues, and such. VAERS helps the government determine which side effects are worth looking into and which side effects are just coincidence and are no relation to the vaccine itself (Ellenberg, Chen). Now even with all of the testing and regulations that are put into place, there are many who still say that vaccines are not safe. One popular myth is that vaccines cause autism. This myth was brought about back in the early 1990s when a doctor conducted a small study and published it in a well-known medical journal. This study involved only 12 children and he concluded that the vaccine known as MMR was directly linked to causing autism in children. Even though later on his finding were found to be fabricated and his conclusion to be false information, people still latched on to this idea and had fanned the fears of parents worldwide (Kaufman). Conclusion A lot of these fears come from parents trying to haphazardly educate themselves on the safety of vaccines, often leaning on the advice found in social media chat rooms, parental groups and other non-credible sources. More often than not, they end up being misinformed because they choose to believe what they hear and not what science has proven. And while every parent has a right to worry about the safety of their child, they also have to understand the risk of exposing other children and families to preventable diseases by not vaccinating their child. There is over 30 years of research conducted on whether or not vaccinations are linked to autism and the vast majority of the medical community says no, it is not (Kennedy, et al).

Track Your Growth As A Drama Student - 1553 Words

16. Track your growth as a drama student (from the beginning of this course and/or since the previous drama course). Near the beginning of the course, drama didn’t seem like an important part of my school experience. For the duration of the first few weeks, it felt illegitimate to call myself a drama student. I wasn’t comfortable enough to view the class as anything more than a course this semester. However, as the semester progressed and I became more comfortable with my peers, my growth as a drama student developed. I think my communication skills have improved as a result of the course, especially when it comes to collaborating and working with others. I usually try to avoid group work and hate group projects as I prefer to do†¦show more content†¦All the group projects including this helped develop negotiating skills when dealing with conflicts. Timed group work done in class also helped my growth as both a drama student and as a person. There was always at least one person who didn’t like participating and was embarrassed to carry out certain actions when presenti ng to the class, but working with them helped me become more patient and helped with skills when dealing with those who are hard to cooperate with. I believe the main improvement to myself because of the course was talking to new people and more easily expressing myself in front of others without worrying about judgement, though I hope it will improve even more by the end of the course. 59. Have you ever experienced stage fright? If so, when and what happened? If not, why don’t you think you’re afraid of the stage? As someone who is relatively extroverted, I can say that stage fright doesn’t affect me as much as it does others. However, I am not a performer and still get cases of the jitters on stage sometimes. In grade 8, I participated in a music performance of The Sound of Music hosted at my school. It wasn’t the same as a play or a musical, but our teacher chose certain song scenes from the movie to perform. I auditioned and I was chosen for the part of Maria, as well as one of the nuns in the song, How Do You Solve a

Biography of Louise Nevelson, American Sculptor

Louise Nevelson was an American sculptor best known for her monumental monochromatic three-dimensional grid constructions. By the end of her life, she was met with much critical acclaim. She is remembered through many permanent public art installations throughout the U.S., including New York City’s Louise Nevelson Plaza on Maiden Lane in the Financial District and Philadelphias Bicentennial Dawn, made in 1976 in honor of the bicentennial of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Fast Facts: Louise Nevelson Occupation: Artist and sculptorBorn: September 23, 1899 in present-day Kiev, UkraineDied:  April 17, 1988 in New York City, New YorkEducation: Art Students League of New YorkKnown For: Monumental sculptural works and public art installations Early Life Louise Nevelson was born Louise Berliawsky in 1899 in Kiev, then part of Russia. At the age of four, Louise, her mother, and her siblings set sail for America, where her father had already established himself. On the journey, Louise fell sick and was quarantined in Liverpool. Through her delirium, she recalls vivid memories which she cites as essential to her practice, including shelves of vibrant candies in jars. Though she was only four at the time, Nevelson’s conviction that she was to be an artist was present at a remarkably young age, a dream from which she never strayed. Louise and her family settled in Rockland, Maine, where her father became a successful contractor. Her father’s occupation made it easy for a young Louise to interact with material, picking up pieces of wood and metal from her father’s workshop and using it to construct small sculptures. Though she began her career as a painter and dabbled in etchings, she would return to sculpture in her mature work, and it is for these sculptures that she is best known. Though her father was a success in Rockland, Nevelson always felt like the outsider in the Maine town, notably scarred by the exclusion she suffered based on her height and, presumably, her foreign origins. (She was captain of the basketball team, but this did not help her chances at being crowned Lobster Queen, a distinction awarded the most beautiful girl in town.) Though her father was known around Rockland due to his professional activities, Nevelson’s mother secluded herself, rarely socializing with her fellow neighbors. This hardly could have helped young Louise and her siblings adjust to life in the United States. The feeling of difference and alienation drove young Nevelson to escape to New York by any means possible (a journey that reflects somewhat of an artistic philosophy, as she has been quoted as saying, â€Å"If you want to go to Washington, you get on a plane. Someone has to take you there, but its your voyage†). The means that presented itself was a hasty proposal from Charles Nevelson, who young Louise had only met a handful of times. She married Charles in 1922, and later the couple had a son, Myron. Advancing Her Career In New York, Nevelson enrolled in the Art Students League, but family life was unsettling to her. In 1931, she escaped again, this time without her husband and son. Nevelson abandoned her newly-minted family—never to return to her marriage—and departed for Munich, where she studied with the famous art teacher and painter Hans Hoffman. (Hoffman would himself eventually move to the United States and teach a generation of American painters, perhaps the most influential art teacher of the 1950s and 60s. Nevelson’s early recognition of his importance only reinforces her vision as an artist.) Louise Nevelson with her work in the 1950s.   Getty Images After following Hoffman to New York, Nevelson eventually worked under the Mexican painter Diego Rivera as a muralist. Back in New York, she settled in a brownstone on 30th Street, which was filled to bursting with her work. As Hilton Kramer wrote of a visit to her studio, â€Å"It was certainly unlike anything one had ever seen or imagined. Its interior seemed to have been stripped of everything...that might divert attention from the sculptures that crowded every space, occupied every wall, and at once filled and bewildered the eye wherever it turned. Divisions between the rooms seemed to dissolve in an endless sculptural environment. At the time of Kramer’s visit, Nevelson’s work was not selling, and she was often by her exhibitions at the Grand Central Moderns Gallery, which did not sell a single piece. Nevertheless, her prolific output is an indication of her singular resolve—a belief held since childhood—that she was meant to be a sculptor. Persona Louise Nevelson the woman was perhaps more well-known than Louise Nevelson the artist. She was famous for her eccentric aspect, combining dramatic styles, colors, and textures in her clothing offset by an extensive collection of jewelry. She wore fake eyelashes and headscarves that emphasized her gaunt face, making her appear to be somewhat of a mystic. This characterization is not contradictory with her work, which she spoke of with an element of mystery, as if it arrived from another world. Louise Nevelson in the eccentric costume she was known for, photographed in her New York studio in 1974. Jack Mitchell / Getty Images Work and Legacy Louise Nevelson’s work is highly recognizable for its consistent color and style. Often in wood or metal, Nevelson primarily gravitated towards the color black—not for its somber tone, but for its evincing of harmony and eternity. [B]lack means totality, it means contains all†¦ if I speak about it every day for the rest of my life, I wouldn’t finish what it really means, Nevelson said of her choice. Though she would also work with whites and golds, she is consistent in the monochrome nature of her sculpture. A characteristically monochrome abstract sculpture by Nevelson. Corbis/VCG via Getty Images / Getty Images The primary works of her career were exhibited in galleries as â€Å"environments†: multi-sculpture installations which worked as a whole, grouped under a single title, among them â€Å"The Royal Voyage,† â€Å"Moon Garden One,† and â€Å"Sky Columns Presence.† Though these works no longer exist as wholes, their original construction gives a window into the process and meaning of Nevelson’s work. The totality of these works, which were often arranged as if each sculpture were a wall of a four-sided room, parallels Nevelson’s insistence on using a single color. The experience of unity, of disparate gathered parts which make up a whole, sums up Nevelson’s approach to materials, especially as the spindles and shards she incorporated into her sculptures give off the air of random detritus. By fashioning these objects into grid structures, she endows them with a certain weight, which asks us to reassess the material with which we come in contact. Louise Nevelson died in 1988 at the age of eighty-eight. Sources Gayford, M. and Wright, K. (2000). Grove Book of Art Writing. New York: Grove Press. 20-21.Kort, C. and Sonneborn, L. (2002). A to Z of American Women in the Visual Arts. New York: Facts on File, Inc. 164-166.Lipman, J. (1983). Nevelsons World. New York: Hudson Hills Press.Marshall, R. (1980). Louise Nevelson: Atmospheres and Environments. New York: Clarkson N. Potter, Inc.Munro, E. (2000).  Originals: American Women Artists. New York: Da Capo Press.